Separable und Inseparable Verbs – Here’s How It (Really) Works

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1. Separable Verbs: What the Hell is that now?

Have you ever experienced this? You’re sitting in an A1 German class and think to yourself: Phew! Slowly I’m getting the hang of verbs! I understand the basics:

✅ How to conjugate them: ich mache, du machst, er/sie/es macht, wir machen, ihr macht, sie/Sie machen

✅ Their position: the conjugated verb is always in second position

✅How to use them: “Ich mache jetzt einen Kaffee”, “Das macht Spaß!”, “Morgen machen wir unsere Hausaufgaben”

But suddenly your teacher comes up with the topic “separable verbs”.

What the hell?! What exactly are separable verbs? Isn’t a separable verb just a normal verb like any other!! Yes, that’s correct. They are normal verbs. But they are split into two parts.

There are two types of verbs that consist of two parts

  1. Those you separate.
  2. Those you don’t. Here, both parts stay together.

In the following, I want to explain the grammar and the difference between separable and inseparable verbs in detail and give examples. Let’s start with the separable verbs.

2. How Can You Recognize Separable Verbs?

Separable verbs are, for example: anmachen (to turn on), ausmachen (to turn off), zumachen (to close).

You can see with these words containing “machen” (to makde/do) that you can create a whole list of new verbs just by adding a prefix to a base verb. And there are many such verb formations. Depending on which prefix is at the front, the word then has a very different meaning.

It’s quite easy to recognize whether a verb is separable. If a verb has one of the following prefixes, it is separable:

  • ab-, an-, auf-, aus-, auseinander-
  • bei-
  • da-
  • ein-, empor-, entgegen-, entlang-, entzwei-
  • fern-, fest-, fort-
  • gegen-, gegenüber-
  • heim-, hin-, her-, hinterher-, hoch-
  • los-
  • mit-
  • nach-, nieder-
  • raus-, rein-, runter-, rüber-,
  • vor-
  • weg-, weiter-
  • zu-, zurecht-, zusammen-

Some examples:

→ I take off the price tag from my new pants.

My mother turns on the light.

I switch off the TV.

My brother takes apart the broken laptop.

My father opens the door for me.

My tutor teaches me English.

→ I’ll be there soon.

There’s nothing against you coming tomorrow.

I’m getting on the train soon.

The sun slowly rises above the horizon.

Every morning on my way to work, I walk towards Mr. Müller.

The storm breaks the tree in two.

Every evening when the kids sleep, I watch TV.

→ I hold my running child tight so they don’t run into the street.

The teacher now continues with another grammar topic.

The moderator compares both opinions in the discussion.

My husband always comes home at 5:30 pm.

I’ll get there tomorrow so I can see you.

Where do these strange noises come from?

Some students can’t keep up with the material, the teacher is too fast.

One moment please, I’m coming up with the elevator.

Go ahead! I’ll follow later.

The bad news strikes him down.

Lisa and Tom always go out on Saturdays.

Lights off please! The birthday child is coming in now!

I’m standing at your door. Please come down so I can give you your gift belatedly.

Come over for the barbecue tonight!

I always imagine owning a house someday.

As soon as I lose sight of my child, he runs away immediately.

I’ll keep running, just need a short break.

Max, please close the door!

The seamstress cuts the fabric to size.

We always come together once a year to have a party.

2.1 How Do You Form the Presente Perfect Tense With Separable Verbs?

Here is an example with a “regular” verb in the present perfect. The perfect tense is always formed using the past participle

  • Ich bin gegangen.
  • Ich habe gemacht.
  • bin/habe = Auxiliary verb
  • gegangen/gemacht = Past Participle

But unlike “regular” verbs, with separable verbs the prefix comes before the “ge-“:

Example for separable verbs:

  • Ich bin mitgegangen.
  • Ich habe das Licht ausgemacht.
  • bin/habe = Auxiliary verb
  • mitgegangen/ausgemacht = Past Participle

!! So the separable verb is no longer split into TWO parts in the sentence – instead, it appears as one complete word in just ONE position.

More examples (Please note that the use of present perfect tense in English and German is not the same – in most cases we use Simple Past in English, while in German we use Present Perfect):

2.2 When Is a Separable Verb Not Separated?

There are two situations in which we do not separate a separable verb. First, we do not separate separable verbs with modal verbs, as you can see here:

  1. Modal Verbs

  1. 2. With Subordinate Clauses

Secondly: We do not separate separable verbs in subordinate clauses, as you can see here:

2.3 Subordinate Clauses With Separable Verbs in Present Perfect

He told me that he left early yesterday.

I heard that she has already started her work.

We were glad that the train left on time.

She said that she locked the door.

He confirmed that he turned off the light.

I found out that she called her brother.

We heard that the club canceled the game.

We saw the sun go down.

He said that he took out the trash.

I saw that she cleaned up the room.

2.4 Infinitive with ‘zu’: Where is ‘zu’ With a Separable Verb?

3. How Do You Recognize Inseparable Verbs?

Inseparable verbs include, for example: verstehen (to understand), entschuldigen (to apologize), bemerken (to notice)

If a verb has one of the following prefixes, then it is inseparable:

  • be-
  • ent-
  • emp-
  • er-
  • ge-
  • miss-
  • ver-
  • zer-
  • Often: über-

I’m getting a new phone for my birthday.

Conflicts arise when everyone interferes.

I recommend a German course at SprachPassion to you.

I recognize my old classmates in the picture.

I’m slowly getting used to my new job.

The cheesecake fails every time I try.

I don’t understand why you’re making such a big fuss.

She tears up all the pictures with her ex-boyfriend.

Please transfer the amount within one week.

Further prefixes for inseparable verbs:

  • a: akzeptieren (to accept)
  • de: deformieren (to deform)
  • des: desinfizieren (to disinfect)
  • dis: diskutieren (to discuss)
  • fehl: fehlschlagen (to fail)
  • im: importieren (to import)
  • in: informieren (to inform)
  • res: respektieren (to respect)
  • hinter: hintergehen (to deceive/betray)

3.1 Wie bildet man das Perfekt bei untrennbaren Verben?

Im Vergleich zu den „normalen“ Verben haben die untrennbaren Verben kein -ge.

→ I recognized my old classmates in the picture.

→ I recommended a German course to him.

→ I have slowly gotten used to my new job.

→ The cheesecake failed every time I tried to make it.

→ I visited my parents in London over the weekend.

→ The picture turned out well.

→ The children broke the vase.

→ She tore up all the pictures with her ex-boyfriend.

→ I think we misunderstood each other.

→ Little Marco improved his behavior at school.

Feel free to watch our YouTube video about this. There, you can see exactly how the inseparable prefixes work in the perfect tense:

So, have you subscribed to our channel yet? Not yet?? Well, then it’s about time! 😉

3.2 Nebensätze mit untrennbaren Verben im Perfekt

Untrennbare Verben im Perfekt haben in Nebensätzen die gleiche Position wie alle anderen Verben auch: Sie stehen im Partizip II auf dem vorletzten Platz im Satz. Danach kommt das konjugierte Hilfsverb (haben/sein).

Lisa told me that she received an email from her ex.

We were happy because we passed the exam successfully.

Aunt Rosa didn’t notice that the children had broken her vase.

I was glad that he understood the task.

It turned out that the plan failed.

He was happy that he got used to his new job.

I am glad that he recommended such a good German course to me.

4. What Are The 3 Most Common Mistakes With Separable Verbs?

The most imporatnt rule ist to separate the verbs in the present tens. Of course, mistakes happen. But if you keep repeating the same mistakes without being corrected, they become intrained and are hrad to get rid of later. That’s why it’s important to become aware of these mistakes right from the beginning.

Here are the three most common mistakes German learners make:

Mistake 1: They do not separate the verb in a main clause.

❌Du vorbereitest das Essen.

✅Du bereitest das Essen vor.

Mistake 2: They forget the –ge- in the Perfect Tense.

❌Du hast das Licht nicht ausmacht.

✅Du hast das Licht nicht ausgemacht.

Mistake 3: They put „zu“ before the prefix.

❌Ich habe vergessen, Milch zu einkaufen.

✅Ich habe vergessen, Milch einzukaufen.

5. 4 Tips: How to Learn Separable and Inseparable Verbs Correctly?

Tip 1: Memorize the Prefixes – again and again (once is not enough)

Tip 2: Memorize the meaning of each verb – again and again

The prefix gives you a clue about how the meaning of the verb changes. For example:

Tip 3: Pay Attention to These Factors

Separable Verbs:

📌 Separate the verb in a main claues: Ich mache aus. → I turn off.

📌 Don’t separate the verb in a subordinate clause: …, wenn ich das Licht ausmache. → …when I turn off the light.

📌 Don’t separate the verb with a modal verb: muss … ausmachen. → must turn off…

📌 Put “zu” and “ge” in the middle:

These factors are really important. If you master these rules, you’ve already overcome a big hurdle.

Tip 4: Learn 2–4 New Separable Verbs Every Day

Choose 2-4 new separable verbs every day and focus on them.

Pick a simple sentence. Example: Das Licht ausmachen.

Then write the sentence in all 5 forms and read them out loud:

Main clause (present): Ich mache das Licht aus.I turn out the light.
Main clause (perfect): Ich habe das Licht ausgemacht. → I turned the light out.
Subordinate clause (present): Es ist wichtig, dass du immer das Licht ausmachst.It is important that you always turn out the light.
Subordinate clause (perfect): Ich habe gedacht, dass ich das Licht ausgemacht habe. > I thought, that I had turned out the light.
With “zu” infinitive: Ich habe vergessen, das Licht auszumachen.It is important to turn out the light.

Have someone correct them for you. Or ask an AI if no one can help.

Tip 5: Practice a Lot and Speak!

🎯 Because: Speaking is especially important. In daily life, we don’t read or write to each other—we speak. And that’s always the most authentic way to learn and practice a language and its rules.

Now we wish you lots of fun memorizing and applying them!

Buesra vor einem Fluss

Büşra Taş

Franziska Becker M.A.

Linguistin, Anglistin und Romanistin mit Passion auch für die deutsche Sprache. Gründerin von SprachPassion (seit 2021), mehrjährige Lehrtätigkeit u.a. am Goethe Institut Frankfurt. Mein tolles Team bei SprachPassion bringt dir die Sprache mit großer Leidenschaft bei.

Ich liebe guten Wein, mit Freunden zu essen und Autofahren, obwohl ich gar kein Auto habe und immer mit dem Rad unterwegs bin. Kontakt aufnehmen.


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